Hovedbudskap
-
Flere levende slimhinnevaksiner er utviklet
-
Én ikke-levende oral vaksine – mot kolera – er i salg
-
Flere ikke-levende slimhinnevaksiner kan være på markedet i løpet av få år
- 1.
Smith J, Leke R, Adams A et al. Certification of polio eradication: process and lessons learned. Bull World Health Organ 2004; 82: 24 – 30.
- 2.
Haneberg B, Ørstavik I. Poliomyelitis associated with oral poliovaccine. Report on two cases. Acta Paediatr Scand 1972; 61: 105 – 8.
- 3.
Neutra MR, Kozlowski PA. Mucosal vaccines: the promise and the challenge. Nat Rev Immunol 2006; 6: 148 – 8.
- 4.
von Seidlein L. The need for another typhoid fever vaccine (editorial). J Infect Dis 2005; 192: 357 – 9.
- 5.
Glass RI, Parashar UD. The promise of new rotavirus vaccines (editorial). N Engl J Med 2006; 354: 75 – 7.
- 6.
Beyer WEP, Palache AM, de Jong JC et al. Cold-adapted live influenza vaccine versus inactivated vaccine: systemic vaccine reactions, local and systemic antibody response, and vaccine efficacy. A meta-analysis. Vaccine 2002; 20: 1340 – 53.
- 7.
Bakke H. Strategies for making non-replicating mucosal vaccines suitable for use in humans. Doktoravhandling. Oslo: Det matematisk-naturvitenskapelige fakultet, Universitetet i Oslo, 2005.
- 8.
Haneberg B, Holst J. Can nonliving nasal vaccines be made to work? Expert Rev Vaccines 2002; 1: 227 – 32.
- 9.
Jensen C. Active immunization against diphtheria by the combined subcutaneous and intranasal method. Proc Royal Soc Med 1937; 30: 1117 – 48.
- 10.
Holmgren J, Czerkinski C. Mucosal immunity and vaccines. Nat Med 2005; 11: S45 – 53.
- 11.
Ogra PL. Mucosal immunoprophylaxis: an introductory overview. I: Kiyono H, Ogra PL, McGhee JR, red. Mucosal vaccines. San Diego: Academic Press, 1996: 3 – 14.
- 12.
Brandtzaeg P. Role of secretory antibodies in the defence against infections. Int J Med Microbiol 2003; 293: 1 – 13.
- 13.
Johansen F-E, Baekkevold ES, Carlsen HS et al. Regional induction of adhesion molecules and chemokine receptors explains disparate homing of human B cells to systemic and mucosal effector sites: dispersion from tonsils. Blood 2005; 106: 593 – 600.
- 14.
Bizanov G, Janakova L, Knapstad SE et al. Immunoglobulin A-antibodies in upper airway secretions may inhibit intranasal influenza virus replication in mice but not protect against clinical illness. Scand J Immunol 2005; 61: 503 – 10.
- 15.
Bakke H, Lie K, Haugen IL et al. Meningococcal outer membrane vesicle vaccine given intranasally can induce immunological memory and booster responses without evidence of tolerance. Infect Immun 2001; 69: 5010 – 5.
- 16.
Berstad AKH, Andersen SR, Dalseg R et al. Inactivated meningococci and pertussis bacteria are immunogenic and act as mucosal adjuvants for nasal inactivated influenza virus vaccine. Vaccine 2000; 18: 1910 – 9.
- 17.
Hvalbye BKR, Aaberge IS, Løvik M et al. Intranasal immunisation with heat-inactivated Streptococcus pneumoniae protects against systemic pneumococcal infection. Infect Immun 1999; 67: 4320 – 5.
- 18.
Haugan A, Dao PXT, Glende N et al. Bordetella pertussis can act as adjuvant as well as inhibitor of immune responses to non-replicating nasal vaccines. Vaccine 2003; 22: 7 – 14.
- 19.
Dalseg R, Holst J, Tangen T et al. Outer membrane vesicles from group B meningococci can act as mucosal adjuvant for influenza virus antigens. I: Brown F, Norrby E, Burton D et al, red. Vaccines 96: Molecular approaches to the control of infectious diseases. Cold Spring Harbor: Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press, 1996: 177 – 82.
- 20.
Samdal HH, Bakke H, Oftung F et al. A non-living nasal influenza vaccine can induce major humoral and cellular immune responses in humans without the need for adjuvants. Human Vaccines 2005; 1: 85 – 90.
- 21.
Treanor J, Nolan C, O’Brien D et al. Intranasal administration of a proteosome-influenza vaccine is well-tolerated and induces serum and nasal secretions influenza antibodies in healthy human subjects. Vaccine 2006; 24: 254 – 62.
- 22.
Bakke H, Setek TN, Huynh PN et al. Immunisation schedules for non-replicating nasal vaccines can be made simple by allowing time for development of immunological memory. Vaccine 2004; 22: 2278 – 84.
- 23.
Greenbaum E, Engelhard D, Levy R et al. Mucosal (SIgA) and serum (IgG) immunologic responses in young adults following intranasal administration of one or two doses of inactivated, trivalent anti-influenza vaccine. Vaccine 2004; 22: 2566 – 77.
- 24.
Bakke H, Samdal HH, Holst J et al. Oral spray immunization may be an alternative to intranasal vaccine delivery to induce systemic antibodies but not nasal mucosal or cellular immunity. Scand J Immunol 2006; 63: 223 – 31.
- 25.
van Ginkel FW, Jackson RJ, Yuki Y et al. Cutting edge: the mucosal adjuvant cholera toxin redirects vaccine proteins into olfactory tissues. J Immunol 2000; 165: 4778 – 82.