Shiffman S. Tobacco «chippers» – individual differences in tobacco dependence. Psychopharmacology 1989; 97: 539 – 47.
3.
Evans NJ, Gilpin E, Pierce JP et al. Occasional smoking among adults: evidence from the California tobacco survey. Tob Control 1992; 1: 169 – 75.
4.
Hassmiller KM, Warner KE, Mendez D et al. Nondaily smokers: who are they? Am J Public Health 2003; 93: 1321 – 7.
5.
Lindstrøm M, Isacsson S-O. Long term and transitional intermittent smokers: a longitudinal study. Tob Control 2002; 11: 61 – 7.
6.
Gilpin E, Cavin SW, Pierce JP. Adult smokers who do not smoke daily. Addiction 1997; 92: 473 – 80.
7.
Farkas A, Gilpin E, Distefan J et al. The effect of household and workplace smoking restrictions on quitting behaviours. Tob Control 1999; 8: 261 – 5.
8.
Gilpin EA, Pierce JP, Cavin SW et al. Estimates of population smoking prevalence: self-vs. proxy reports of smoking status. Am J Public Health 1994; 84: 1576 – 9.
9.
Borland R. Population estimates of occasional smoking among self-described smokers and non-smokers in Victoria, Australia. Tob Control 1994; 3: 37 – 40.
10.
Garfinkel L, Stellman SD. Smoking and lung cancer in women: findings in a prospective study. Cancer Res 1988; 48: 6951 – 5.
11.
Kawachi I, Colditz GA, Stampfer MJ et al. Smoking cessation and time course of decreased risks of coronary heart disease in middle-aged women. Arch Intern Med 1994; 154: 169 – 75.
12.
Luoto R, Uutela A, Puska P. Occasional smoking increases total and cardiovascular mortality among men. Nicotine Tob Res 2000; 2: 133 – 9.
13.
Hecht SS, Murphy SE, Carmella SG et al. Effects of reduced cigarette smoking on the uptake of a tobacco-specific lung carcinogen. J Natl Cancer Inst 2004; 96: 107 – 15.
Lantz PM. Smoking on the rise among young adults: implications for research and policy. Tob Control 2003; 12: 160 – 70.
16.
Chen K, Kandel DB. The natural history of drug use from adolescence to the mid-thirties in a general population sample. Am J Public Health 1995; 85: 41 – 7.
17.
Wetter DW, Kenford SL, Welsch SK et al. Prevalence and predictors of transitions in smoking behavior among college students. Health Psychol 2004; 23: 168 – 77.
18.
Hovengen R, Haug K. Occasional smoking during pregnancy and after birth: a challenge for mother and child health care. Eur J Public Health 2003; 13: 46 – 7.
19.
Horta BL, Victora CG, Menezes AM et al. Low birthweight, preterm births and intrauterine growth retardation in relation to maternal smoking. Paediatr Perinat Epidemiol 1997; 11: 140 – 51.
Kommentarer
( 0 )
Dette kommentarfeltet modereres, men kommentarer blir ikke redaksjonelt behandlet ut over å sikre at de følger retningslinjer for vårt kommentarfelt.
Denne artikkelen ble publisert for mer enn 12 måneder siden, og vi har derfor stengt for nye kommentarer.
Får du ikke vist PDF-filen eller vil lagre filen, kan du høyreklikke på PDF-ikonet. Velg «Lagre mål/fil som..» og hent så opp PDF-filen i for eksempel Acrobat Reader.