- 1.
Barrett-Connor E. The economic and human costs of osteoporotic fracture. Am J Med 1995; 98 (suppl 2A): S3-S8.
- 2.
Szulc P, Marchand F, Felsenberg D, Delmas PD. Prevalence of vertebral deformities according to the diagnostic method. Rev Rhum Engl Ed 1998; 65: 245 – 56.
- 3.
O’Neill TW, Silman AJ. Definition and diagnosis of vertebral fracture. J Rheumatol 1997; 24: 1208 – 11.
- 4.
Genant HK. Assessment of vertebral fractures in osteoporosis research. J Rheumatol 1997; 24: 1212 – 4.
- 5.
Ziegler R, Scheidt NC, Leidig BG. What is a vertebral fracture? Bone 1996; 18: 169S-77S.
- 6.
Wu CY, Li J, Jergas M, Genant HK. Comparison of semiquantitative and quantitative techniques for the assessment of prevalent and incident vertebral fractures. Osteoporos Int 1995; 5: 354 – 70.
- 7.
Black DM, Palermo L, Nevitt MC, Genant HK, Epstein R, Sanvalentin R et al. Comparison of methods for defining prevalent vertebral deformities: the Study of Osteoporotic Fractures. J Bone Miner Res 1995; 10: 890 – 902.
- 8.
McCloskey EV, Spector TD, Eyres KS, Fern ED, O’Rourke N, Vasikaran S et al. The assessment of vertebral deformity: a method for use in population studies and clinical trials. Osteoporos Int 1993; 3: 138 – 47.
- 9.
Black DM, Palermo L, Nevitt MC, Genant HK, Christensen L, Cummings SR. Defining incident vertebral deformity: a prospective comparison of several approaches. The Study of Osteoporotic Fractures Research Group. J Bone Miner Res 1999; 14: 90 – 101.
- 10.
Black DM, Cummings SR, Karpf DB, Cauley JA, Thompson DE, Nevitt MC et al. Randomised trial of effect of alendronate on risk of fracture in women with existing vertebral fractures. Lancet 1996; 348: 1535 – 41.
- 11.
Ettinger B, Black DM, Mitlak BH, Knickerbocker RK, Nickelsen T, Genant HK et al. Reduction of vertebral fracture risk in postmenopausal women with osteoporosis treated with raloxifene: results from a 3-year randomized clinical trial. Multiple Outcomes of Raloxifene Evaluation (MORE) Investigators. JAMA 1999; 282: 637 – 45.
- 12.
Cummings SR, Black D, Thompson D, Applegate WB, Barrett-Connor E, Musliner TA et al. Effect of alendronate on risk of fracture in women with low bone density but without vertebral fractures. JAMA 1998; 280: 2077 – 82.
- 13.
Reginster J, Minne HW, Sorensen OH, Hooper M, Roux C, Brandi ML et al. Randomized trial of the effects of risedronate on vertebral fractures in women with established postmenopausal osteoporosis. Osteoporos Int 2000; 11: 83 – 91.
- 14.
Harris ST, Watts NB, Genant HK, McKeever CD, Hangartner T, Keller M et al. Effects of risedronate treatment on vertebral and nonvertebral fractures in women with postmenopausal osteoporosis: a randomized controlled trial. Vertebral Efficacy With Risedronate Therapy (VERT) Study Group. JAMA 1999; 282: 1344 – 52.
- 15.
Stock JL, Avioli LV, Baylink DJ, Chesnut CH, Genant HK, Maricic SL et al. Calcitonin-salmon nasal spray reduces the incidence of new vertebral fractures in postmenopausal women: three-year interim results of the proof study. J Bone Miner Res 1998; 12: S149.
- 16.
Minne HW, Leidig G, Wuster C, Siromachkostov L, Baldauf G, Bickel R et al. A newly developed spine deformity index (SDI) to quantitate vertebral crush fractures in patients with osteoporosis. Bone Miner 1988; 3: 335 – 49.
- 17.
Eastell R, Cedel SL, Wahner HW, Riggs BL, Melton LJ. Classification of vertebral fractures. J Bone Miner Res 1991; 6: 207 – 15.
- 18.
Hu R, Mustard CA, Burns C. Epidemiology of incident spinal fracture in a complete population. Spine 1996; 21: 492 – 9.
- 19.
Johnell O, Gullberg B, Kanis JA. The hospital burden of vertebral fracture in Europe: a study of national register sources. Osteoporos Int 1997; 7: 138 – 44.
- 20.
Cooper C, Atkinson EJ, O’Fallon WM, Melton LJ. Incidence of clinically diagnosed vertebral fractures: a population-based study in Rochester, Minnesota, 1985 – 1989. J Bone Miner Res 1992; 7: 221 – 7.
- 21.
Ross PD. Clinical consequences of vertebral fractures. Am J Med 1997; 103: 30S-42S.
- 22.
Ross PD, Davis JW, Epstein RS, Wasnich RD. Pain and disability associated with new vertebral fractures and other spinal conditions. J Clin Epidemiol 1994; 47: 231 – 9.
- 23.
Melton LJ, Kan SH, Frye MA, Wahner HW, O’Fallon WM, Riggs BL. Epidemiology of vertebral fractures in women. Am J Epidemiol 1989; 129: 1000 – 11.
- 24.
Genant HK, Jergas M, Palermo L, Nevitt M, Valentin RS, Black D et al. Comparison of semiquantitative visual and quantitative morphometric assessment of prevalent and incident vertebral fractures in osteoporosis The Study of Osteoporotic Fractures Research Group. J Bone Miner Res 1996; 11: 984 – 96.
- 25.
Ross PD, Huang C, Karpf D, Lydick E, Coel M, Hirsch L et al. Blinded reading of radiographs increases the frequency of errors in vertebral fracture detection. J Bone Miner Res 1996; 11: 1793 – 800.
- 26.
Kazarian L, Graves GA. Compressive strength characteristics of the human vertebral centrum. Spine 1977; 2: 1 – 14.
- 27.
Nelson DA, Kleerekoper M, Peterson EL. Reversal of vertebral deformities in osteoporosis: measurement error or ”rebound”? J Bone Miner Res 1994; 9: 977 – 82.
- 28.
Ettinger B, Black DM, Nevitt MC, Rundle AC, Cauley JA, Cummings SR et al. Contribution of vertebral deformities to chronic back pain and disability. The Study of Osteoporotic Fractures Research Group. J Bone Miner Res 1992; 7: 449 – 56.
- 29.
Huang C, Ross PD, Lydick E, Davis JW, Wasnich RD. Contributions of vertebral fractures to stature loss among elderly Japanese-American women in Hawaii. J Bone Miner Res 1996; 11: 408 – 11.
- 30.
Liberman UA, Weiss SR, Broll J, Minne HW, Quan H, Bell NH et al. Effect of oral alendronate on bone mineral density and the incidence of fractures in postmenopausal osteoporosis. N Engl J Med 1995; 333: 1437 – 43.
- 31.
O’Neill TW, Felsenberg D, Varlow J, Cooper C, Kanis JA, Silman AJ. The prevalence of vertebral deformity in European men and women: the European Vertebral Osteoporosis Study. J Bone Miner Res 1996; 11: 1010 – 8.
- 32.
Pasientstatistikk 1994. Oslo: Statistisk sentralbyrå, 1996.
- 33.
Nevitt MC, Ettinger B, Black DM, Stone K, Jamal SA, Ensrud K et al. The association of radiographically detected vertebral fractures with back pain and function: a prospective study. Ann Intern Med 1998; 128: 793 – 800.
- 34.
Nevitt MC, Thompson DE, Black DM, Rubin SR, Ensrud K, Yates AJ et al. Effect of alendronate on limited-activity days and bed-disability days caused by back pain in postmenopausal women with existing vertebral fractures. Fracture Intervention Trial Research Group. Arch Intern Med 2000; 160: 77 – 85.
- 35.
Leidig G, Minne HW, Sauer P, Wuster C, Wuster J, Lojen M et al. A study of complaints and their relation to vertebral destruction in patients with osteoporosis. Bone Miner 1990; 8: 217 – 29.
- 36.
Lyritis GP, Mayasis B, Tsakalakos N, Lambropoulos A, Gazi S, Karachalios T et al. The natural history of the osteoporotic vertebral fracture. Clin Rheumatol 1989; 8 (suppl 2): 66 – 9.
- 37.
Patel U, Skingle S, Campbell GA, Crisp AJ, Boyle IT. Clinical profile of acute vertebral compression fractures in osteoporosis. Br J Rheumatol 1991; 30: 418 – 21.
- 38.
Ryan PJ, Blake G, Herd R, Fogelman I. A clinical profile of back pain and disability in patients with spinal osteoporosis. Bone 1994; 15: 27 – 30.
- 39.
Scane AC, Sutcliffe AM, Francis RM. The sequelae of vertebral crush fractures in men. Osteoporos Int 1994; 4: 89 – 92.
- 40.
Ensrud KE, Black DM, Harris F, Ettinger B, Cummings SR. Correlates of kyphosis in older women. J Am Geriatr Soc 1997; 45: 682 – 7.
- 41.
Manns RA, Haddaway MJ, Mccall IW, Pullicino VC, Davie MWJ. The relative contribution of disc and vertebral morphometry to the angle of kyphosis in asymptomatic subjects. Clin Radiol 1996; 51: 258 – 62.
- 42.
Ismail AA, Cooper C, Felsenberg D, Varlow J, Kanis JA, Silman AJ et al. Number and type of vertebral deformities: epidemiological characteristics and relation to back pain and height loss. European Vertebral Osteoporosis Study Group. Osteoporos Int 1999; 9: 206 – 13.
- 43.
Huang C, Ross PD, Wasnich RD. Vertebral fractures and other predictors of back pain among older women. J Bone Miner Res 1996; 11: 1026 – 32.
- 44.
Nicholson PH, Haddaway MJ, Davie MW, Evans SF. Vertebral deformity, bone mineral density, back pain and height loss in unscreened women over 50 years. Osteoporos Int 1993; 3: 300 – 7.
- 45.
Spector TD, McCloskey EV, Doyle DV, Kanis JA. Prevalence of vertebral fracture in women and the relationship with bone density and symptoms: the Chingford Study. J Bone Miner Res 1993; 8: 817 – 22.
- 46.
Johansson C, Mellstrom D, Rosengren K, Rundgren A. Prevalence of vertebral fractures in 85-year-olds. Radiographic examination of 462 subjects. Acta Orthop Scand 1993; 64: 25 – 7.
- 47.
Burger H, van-Daele PL, Grashuis K, Hofman A, Grobbee DE, Schutte HE et al. Vertebral deformities and functional impairment in men and women. J Bone Miner Res 1997; 12: 152 – 7.
- 48.
Pluijm SMF, Tromp AM, Smit JH, Deeg DJH, Lips P. Consequences of vertebral deformities in older men and women. J Bone Miner Res 2000; 15: 1564 – 72.
- 49.
Ettinger B, Block JE, Smith R, Cummings SR, Harris ST, Genant HK. An examination of the association between vertebral deformities, physical disabilities and psychosocial problems. Maturitas 1988; 10: 283 – 96.
- 50.
Ross PD, Ettinger B, Davis JW, Melton LJ3, Wasnich RD. Evaluation of adverse health outcomes associated with vertebral fractures. Osteoporos Int 1991; 1: 134 – 40.
- 51.
Cummings SR, Black DM, Thompson DE, Applegate WB, Barrett CE, Musliner TA et al. Effect of alendronate on risk of fracture in women with low bone density but without vertebral fractures: results from the Fracture Intervention Trial. JAMA 1998; 280: 2077 – 82.
- 52.
Johnson S, Johnson FN, red. Etidronate in osteoporosis. Reviews in Contemporary Pharmacotherapy 1998; 9: 225 – 92.
- 53.
Lufkin EG, Wahner HW, O’Fallon WM, Hodgson SF, Kotowicz MA, Lane AW et al. Treatment of postmenopausal osteoporosis with transdermal estrogen. Ann Intern Med 1992; 117: 1 – 9.
()
Denne artikkelen ble publisert for mer enn 12 måneder siden, og vi har derfor stengt for nye kommentarer.